JENIS - JENIS AWAN

Perubahan cuaca bisa dengan sangat cepat terjadi, tugas kita sebagi seorang pelaut, harus memperhatikan dan mengenali setiap perubahan tersebut. baik buruknya cuaca akan sangat mempengaruhi perjalanan pelayaran kita. berita berita cuaca harus terus kita monitor agar mendapatkan berita yg up to date. dari informasi elektronik. tapi sebagai pelaut yg kesehariannya hidup di atas laut, kita tidak harus mengandalkan informasi media electronik saja, dgn mengenali kebiasan prilaku cuaca dgn mata telanjang dan feeling dari pengalaman kita kita bisa memprediksi gejala gejala cuaca di sekita kita. dengan mengamati awan kita bisa tahu bagaimana cuaca hari ini. dgn itu kita harus pahami betul sifat sifat dari awan tersebut.

Pembentukan Awan

Udara selalu mengandung uap air. Apabila uap air ini meluap menjadi titik-titik air, maka terbentuklah awan. Penguapan ini bisa terjadi dengan dua cara:

1.     Apabila udara panas, lebih banyak uap terkandung di dalam udara karena air lebih cepat menyengat. Udara panas yang sarat dengan air ini akan naik tinggi, hingga tiba di satu lapisan dengan suhu yang lebih rendah, uap itu akan mencair dan terbentuklah awan, molekul-molekul titik air yang tak terhingga banyaknya.

2.     Suhu udara tidak berubah, tetapi keadaan atmosfir lembap. Udara makin lama akan menjadi semakin tepu dengan uap air.

Apabila awan telah terbentuk, titik-titik air dalam awan akan menjadi semakin besar dan awan itu akan menjadi semakin berat, dan perlahan-lahan daya tarik bumi menariknya ke bawah. Hingga sampai satu titik dimana titik-titik air itu akan terus jatuh ke bawah dan turunlah hujan, Jika titik-titik air tersebut bertemu udara panas, titik-titik itu akan menguap dan awan menghilang. Inilah yang menyebabkan itu awan selalu berubah-ubah bentuknya. Air yang terkandung di dalam awan silih berganti menguap dan mencair. Inilah juga yang menyebabkan kadang-kadang ada awan yang tidak membawa hujan

Awan tinggi

Bentuk awan tinggi antara 10.000 dan 25.000 kaki (3.000 dan 8.000 m) di daerah kutub , 16.500 dan 40.000 kaki (5.000 dan 12.000 m) di daerah beriklim sedang dan 20.000 dan 60.000 kaki (6.000 dan 18.000 m) di daerah tropis

Awan tengah

Awan Tengah cenderung terbentuk pada 6.500 kaki (2.000 m), tetapi dapat terbentuk pada ketinggian sampai 13.000 kaki (4.000 m), 23.000 kaki (7.000 m) atau 25.000 kaki (8.000 m), tergantung pada daerah. Umumnya lebih hangat iklim, semakin tinggi dasar awan. Nimbostratus awan kadang-kadang disertakan dengan awan menengah. [2] The World Meterological Organisasi mengklasifikasikan Nimbostratus sebagai awan menengah yang dapat mengentalkan ke dalam rentang ketinggian rendah selama hujan

Awan rendah

Ini ditemukan dari dekat permukaan hingga 6.500 kaki (2.000 m) dan termasuk Stratus genus. Ketika awan Stratus kontak dengan tanah, mereka disebut kabut , meskipun tidak semua bentuk kabut dari Stratus

Awan rendah tengah

Awan ini dapat didasarkan manapun dari permukaan dekat sekitar 10.000 kaki (3.000 m). Cumulus biasanya bentuk pada rentang ketinggian rendah tapi dasar akan naik ke bagian bawah kisaran menengah saat kondisi kelembaban relatif sangat rendah. Nimbostratus biasanya bentuk dari altostratus di tengah rentang ketinggian tapi dasar mungkin mereda ke kisaran rendah selama precipitaion.

Kedua jenis awan dapat mencapai ketebalan yang signifikan dan kadang-kadang diklasifikasikan sebagai awan vertikal (Keluarga D), terutama di Eropa.

Namun, cumulus biasa, menurut definisi, tidak sesuai dengan tingkat vertikal yang menjulang cumulus (kumulus congestus) atau paling cumulonimbus .

Nimbostratus Sangat tebal dapat perkiraan cumulus menjulang, tetapi jatuh juga pendek tingkat vertikal awan cumulonimbus berkembang dengan baik

Jenis jenis awan

·         Awan Commulus, yaitu awan yang bergumpal dan bentuk dasarnya horizontal

·         Awan Stratus, yaitu awan tipis yang tersebar luas dan menutupi langit secara merata

·         Awan Cirrus, yaitu awan yang berdiri sendiri, halus dan berserat, sering terdapat kristal es tetapi tak menimbulkan hujan

Awan-awan itu memiliki berbagai macam bentuk khas dan sifatnya sendiri-sendiri. Dalam golongan awan rendah ada yang bernama Comulonimbus yang diberi kode Internasional penerbangan Cb.

Sifatnya adalah berada di ketinggian rendah, gumpalan sangat besar, dan umumnya berwarna gelap. Cb sangat berbahaya karena mengandung arus listrik dan disertai golakan udara yang dahsyat. Para pilot sangat menghindari karena fatal akibatnya bila pesawat terbang masuk ke dalam awan Cb.

Selain itu dalam golongan awan rendah ada yang bernama Cumulus (Cu), Stratus (St), dan Stratocumulus (Sc). Cu umumnya terlihat sebagai tumpukan kapuk di angkasa. Jumlahnya tidak tetap, kadang tebal, tapi lebih sering kecil dan tipis. Sedang St letaknya lebih tinggi dari Cu warnanya agak kecoklatan dan cenderung tipis. Sc yang paling tinggi berbentuk ombak dan kadang dalam bentuk kecil-kecil.

Ada tiga jenis yang termasuk awan medium yaitu Nimbostratus (Ns), Altostratus (As), dan Altocumulus (Ac).

Ns adalah awan tebal dengan warna gelap dan seringkali mengandung air hujan atau salju.

Diatasnya adalah awan As yang berbentuk tidak stabil, kadang tebal gelap, kadang tipis cerah. Sementara Ac berwarna kecoklatan dan cenderung tipis karena kecendrungan awan, makin tinggi maka makin tipis.

Tiga jenis awan tinggi, yaitu Cirrostratus(Cs), Cirrocumulus (Cc), dan awan paling tinggi dari semua awan yaitu awan Cirrus (Cs). Berbentuk tipis, putih, dan mengandung partikel es.

Partikel inilah yang menyebabkan efek optik bila terkena sinar matahari.

Bentuk-bentuk Awan

Bentuk awan bermacam macam tergantung dari keadaan cuaca dan ketinggiannya.

Tapi bentuk utamanya ada tiga jenis yaitu, yang berlapis-lapis dalam bahasa latin disebut stratus, yang bentuknya berserat-serat disebut cirrus, dan yang bergumpal-gumpal disebut cumulus (ejaan Indonesia: stratus, sirus, dan kumulus). Di daerah rendah (kurang dari 3.000 m) yang terendah, awan stratus menutupi puncak gunung yang tidak terlalu tinggi.

Di daerah rendah tengah, awan berbentuk strato-kumulus, dan yang dekat ketinggian 3.000 m awan berbentuk kumulus. Awan besar dan tebal di daerah rendah disebut kumulo-nimbus berpotensi menjadi hujan, menyebabkan terjadinya guruh dan petir.

Awan pada ketinggian menengah dapat terbentuk di atas gunung yang tingginya lebih dari 3.000 m, membentuk payung di atas puncaknya.

Misalnya di atas Gunung Ciremai (3.078 m), di puncak-puncak pegununganJaya Wijaya di Irian yang tingginya antara 4.000-5.000 m, bahkan selalu diliputi salju. Demikian juga Gunung Fuji (3.776 m) puncaknya selalu diliputi salju putih cemerlang sangat indah. Pada ketinggian menengah ini dapat terbentuk awan alto-stratus yang berderet-deret, alto kumulus, dan alto-sirus.

Bagaimana dengan awan di daerah tinggi (di atas 6.000 m)? Di sana terbentuk awan siro-stratus yang tampak sebagai teja di sekitar matahari atau bulan. Juga terbentuk awan siro-kumulus yang bentuknya berkeping keping terhampar luas. Juga dapat terbentuk awan sirus yang tipis bertebar seperti asap.

1. Awan Cirrue adalah awan putih terpisah-pisah seperti benanghalus atau pecah-pecah atau jalur-jalur sempit atau matapancing atau bulu ayam atau serabut yang berwarna putihkeperak-perakan.

2. Awan Cirro Cumulus adalah awan tipis putih terpisah-pisahseperti biji-bijian, sisik ikan, bulu domba yang tipis yangberwarna putih bersih.

3. Awan Cirro Stratus adalah awan yang transparan denganpuncak seperti serabut halus menutupi sebagian atauseluruhnya dari langit dengan warna keputih-putihan. Awan iniumumnya menimbulkan phenomena lingkaran putihdisekeliling bulan atau matahari.

4. Awan Alto Cumulus adalah awan yang seperti bulu dombaatau sisik ikan tetapi agak melebar 10 s/d 50 dengan warnaputih bersi, atau abu-abu atau campuran dari dua-duanya.

5. Awan Alto Stratus adalah awan yang seperti lembaranlembaranatau lapisan-lapisan jalur yang berwarna abu-abuatau kebiru-biruan. Jenis awan ini sering menimbulkan hujanmerata.

6. Awan Nimbo Stratus adalah awan yang seperti lembaranlembaranatau lapisan-lapisan yang tebal, dengan warna abuabudan gelap. Jenis awan ini sering menimbulkan hujan lebat,matahari akan tertutup oleh jenis awan ini.

7. Awan Stratus adalah awan yang berlapis-lapis tipis denganwarna abu-abu dengan dasar hampir serba sama, dapatmenimbulkan hujan es.

8. Awan Strato Cumulus adalah awan yang berlapis-lapisaktebal agak gelap, berwarna abu-abu atau putih atau campurandari kedua-duanya, mempunyai lebar lebih dari 50.

9. Awan Cumulus adalah awan yang terpisah-pisah umumnyapadat dengan batas yang jelas, berbentuk seperti bukit-bukit ,menari-menari dan bagian atasnya berbentuk seperti bungakool.

10. Awan Cumulus Nimbus adalah awan yang besar, padat danmeluas puncaknya menyerupai gunung atau menara yangbesar atau seperti cengger ayam dengan warna gelap.

BEAUFORT WIND SCALE

FOR AN EFFECTIVE HEIGHT OF 10 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL

BEAUFORT NUMBER	DESCRIPTIVE TERM	MEAN WIND SPEED EQUIVALENT		DEEP SEA CRITERION	PROBABLE MEAN WAVE HEIGHT IN METRES
		KNOTS	M/SEC
0	CALM	< 1	0 – 0.2	SEA LIKE A MIRROR	-
1	LIGHT AIR	1 – 3	0.3 – 1.5	RIPPLES WITH THE APPEARANCE OF SCALE ARE FORMED, BUT WITHOUT FOAM CRESTS	0.1 (0.1 )
2	LIGHT BREEZE	4 – 6	1.6 – 3.3	SMALL WAVELETS,STILL SHORT BUT MORE PRONOUNCED,CREST HAVE A GLASSY APPEARANCE AND DO NOT BREAK	0.2 ( 0.3 )
3	GENTLE BREEZE	7 – 10	3.4 – 5.4	LARGE WAVELETS,CRESTS BEGIN TO BREAK ,FOAM OF GLASSY APPEARANCE ,PERHAPS SCATTERED WHITE HORSES	0.6 ( 1 )
4	MODERATE BREEZE	11 – 16	5.5 – 7.9	SMALL WAVES, BECOMING LONGER , FAIRLY FREQUENT WHITE HORSES	1 ( 1.5 )
5	FRESH BREEZE	17 – 21	8.0 – 10.7	MODERATE WAVES,TAKING A MORE PRONOUNCED LONG FORM, MANY WHITE HORSES ARE FORMED (CHANCE OF SOME SPRAY)	2 ( 2.5 )
6	STRONG BREEZE	22 – 27	10.8 – 13.8	LARGE WAVES BEGIN TO FORM,THE WHITE FOAM CRESTS ARE EXTENSIVE EVERYWHERE (PROBABLY SOME SPRAY)	3 ( 4 )
7	NEAR GALE	28 – 33	13.9 – 17.1	SEA HAPS UP AND WHITE FOAM FROM BREAKING WAVES BEGINS TO BE BLOWN IN STREAKS ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND	4 ( 5.5 )
8	GALE	34 – 40	17.2 – 20.7	MODERATELY HIGH WAVES OF GREATER LENGTH, EDGES OF CRESTS BEGIN TO BREAK INTO SPINDRIFT, FOAM IS BLOWN IN WELL-MARKED STREAKS ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND	5.5 ( 7.5 )
9	STRONG GALE	41 – 47	20.8 – 24.4	HIGH WAVES, DENSE STREAKS OF FOAM ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND , CRESTS OF WAVE BEGIN TO TOPPLE,TUMBLE AND ROLL OVER, SPRAY MAY AFFECT VISIBILITY	7 ( 10 )
10	STROM	48 – 55	24.5 – 28.4	VERY HIGH WAVES WITH LONG OVERHANGING CRESTS,THE RESULTING FOAM,IN GREAT PATCHES, IS BLOWN IN DENSE WHITE STREAKS ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND , ON T47HE WHOLE, THE SURFACE OF THE SEA TAKES A WHITE APPEARANCE, THE TUMBLING OF THE SEA BECOMES HEAVY AND SHOCK-LIKE, VISIBILITY AFFECTED	9 ( 12.5 )
11	VIOLENT STROM	56 – 63	28.5 – 32.6	EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH WAVES(SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED SHIPS MIGHT BE FOR A TIME LOST TO WIEW BEHIND THE WAVES), THE SEA IS COMPLETELY COVERED WITH LONG WHITE PATCHES OF FOAM LYING ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND, EVERYWHERE THE EDGES OF THE WAVES CRESTS ARE BLOWN INTO FROTH, VISIBILITY AFFECTED	11.5 ( 16 )
12	HURRICANE	64  and over	32.7 and over	THE AIR IS FILLED WITH FOAM AND SPRAY, SEA COMPLETELY WHITE DRIVING SPRAY, VISIBILITY SERIOUSLY AFFECTED.	14 ( - )

LIST OF Q-CODE

Q-Code

These codes were originally developed to shorten transmission times when using CW, but are frequently used in voice transmissions. (eg. I am going to go QRT, thanks for the QSO.)

The QRA...QUZ code range includes phrases applicable to all services and is allocated to the International Telecommunications Union. NATO's ACP 131(E), COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS - OPERATING SIGNALS, March 1997, chapter 2 contains a full list of 'Q' codes. Other 'Q' code ranges are allocated specifically to aviation or maritime services; many of those codes have fallen into disuse as voice displaces CW in commercial operation.

The Q-code was originally instituted at the Radiotelegraph Convention held in London, 1912 and was intended for marine radiotelegraph use. The codes were based on an earlier list published by the British postmaster general's office in 1908

History:
The Q-code was originally instituted at the Radiotelegraph Convention held in London, 1912. The Q-codes then grew over the years and decades.

The following list of current Q-codes is compiled from various sources.

The QAA...QNZ series are reserved for the aeronautical service.
(ICAO Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC) [Doc8400])
The QOA...QQZ series are reserved for the maritime services.
(ITU RR1990, Appendix 14)
The QRA...QUZ series are for use by all services.
(ITU RR1990, Appendix 13, 14)
The QZA...QZZ series for other usage.

ITU Radio Regulations 1990, Appendix 14 :
Miscellaneous Abbreviations and Signals to Be Used for Radiocommunications in the Maritime Mobile Service

1.       The series of groups listed in this Appendix 14 range from QOA to QUZ.

2.       The QOA to QQZ series are reserved for the maritime mobile service.

3.       Certain Q code abbreviations may be given an affirmative or negative sense by sending, immediately following the abbreviation, the letter C or the letters NO (in radiotelephony spoken as: CHARLIE or NO).

4.       The meanings assigned to Q code abbreviations may be amplified or completed by the appropriate addition of other groups, call signs, place names, figures, numbers, etc. It is optional to fill in the blanks shown in parentheses. Any data which are filled in where blanks appear shall be sent in the same order as shown in the text of the following tables.

5.       Q code abbreviations are given the form of a question when followed by a question mark in radiotelegraphy and RQ (ROMEO QUEBEC) in radiotelephony. When an abbreviation is used as a question and is followed by additional or complementary information, the question mark (or RQ) should follow this information.

6.       Q code abbreviations with numbered alternative significations shall be followed by the appropriate figure to indicate the exact meaning intended. This figure shall be sent immediately following the abbreviation.

7.       All times shall be given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) unless otherwise indicated in the question or reply.

8.       An asterisk * following a Q code abbreviation means that this signal has a meaning similar to a signal appearing in the International Code of Signals.

Radiocommunications in the Maritime Mobile Service

Q-Code	Question ?	Answer or Advice
QOA	Can you communicate by radiotelegraphy (500 kHz)?	I can communicate by radiotelegraphy (500 kHz).
	Dapatkah anda berkomunikasi dengan radio telegraphy (500kHz)?	Saya dapat berkomunikasi dengan radio telegraphy (500kHz)
QOB	Can you communicate by radiotelephony (2182 kHz)?	I can communicate by radiotelephony (2182 kHz).
QOC	Can you communicate by radiotelephony (channel 16 - frequency 156.80 MHz)?	I can communicate by radiotelephony (channel 16 - frequency 156.80 MHz).
QOD	Can you communicate with me in ... 0. Dutch 5. Italian 1. English 6. Japanese 2. French 7. Norwegian 3. German 8. Russian 4. Greek 9. Spanish?	I can communicate with you in ... 0. Dutch 5. Italian 1. English 6. Japanese 2. French 7. Norwegian 3. German 8. Russian 4. Greek 9. Spanish.
QOE	Have you received the safety signal sent by ... (name and/or call sign)?	I have received the safety signal sent by ... (name and/or call sign).
QOF	What is the commercial quality of my signals?	The quality of your signals is ... 1. not commercial 2. marginally commercial 3. commercial.
QOG	How many tapes have you to send?	I have ... tapes to send.
QOH	Shall I send a phasing signal for ... seconds?	Send a phasing signal for ... seconds.
QOI	Shall I send my tape?	Send your tape.
QOJ	Will you listen on ... kHz (or MHz) for signals of emergency position-indicating radiobeacons?	I am listening on ... kHz (or MHz) for signals of emergency position-indicating radiobeacons.
QOK	Have you received the signals of an emergency position-indicating radiobeacon on ... kHz (or MHz)?	I have received the signals of an emergency position-indicating radiobeacon on ... kHz (or MHz).
QOL	Is your vessel fitted for reception of selective calls? If so, what is your selective call number or signal?	My vessel is fitted for the reception of selective calls. My selective call number or signal is ...
QOM	On what frequencies can your vessel be reached by a selective call?	My vessel can be reached by a selective call on the following frequency/ies ... (periods of time to be added if necessary).
QOO	Can you send on any working frequency?	I can send on any working frequency.
QOT	Do you hear my call; what is the approximate delay in minutes before we may exchange traffic?	I hear your call; the approximate delay is ... minutes.

ITU Radio Regulations 1990, Appendix 13 :
Miscellaneous Abbreviations and Signals to Be Used in Radiotelegraphy Communications Except in the Maritime Mobile Service

1.       The series of groups QRA to QUZ, listed in this Appendix 13, are for use by all services.

2.       The QAA to QNZ series are reserved for the aeronautical service. These series are not listed in these Regulations. The QOA to QQZ series are reserved for the maritime services.

3.       Certain Q code abbreviations may be given an affirmative or negative sense by sending YES or NO respectively, immediately following the abbreviation.

4.       The meanings assigned to Q code abbreviations may be amplified or completed by the addition of other appropriate groups, call signs, place names, figures, numbers, etc. It is optional to fill in the blanks shown in parentheses. Any data which are filled in where blanks appear shall be sent in the same order as shown in the text of the following tables.

5.       Q code abbreviations are given the form of a question when followed by a question mark. When an abbreviation is used as a question and is followed by additional or complementary information, the question mark should follow this information.

6.       Q code abbreviations with numbered alternative significations shall be followed by the appropriate figure to indicate the exact meaning intended. This figure shall be sent immediately following the abbreviation.

7.       All times shall be given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) unless otherwise indicated in the question or reply.

Radiotelegraphy Communications Except in the Maritime Mobile Service

Q-Code	Question ?	Answer or Advice
QRA	What is the name of your vessel (or station)?	The name of my vessel (or station) is ...
	Apa nama Kapal anda( stasiun kapal anda)?	Nama kapal saya (stasiun kapal saya) adalah …
QRB	How far approximately are you from my station?	The approximate distance between our stations is ... nautical miles (or km).
	Berapa kira kira jarak anda dari stasiun saya?	Perkiraan jarak antara stasiun kami adalah… Nautical miles (Km)
QRC	By what private enterprise (or state administration) are the accounts for charges for your station settled?	The accounts for charges of my station are settled by the private enterprise ... (or state administration).
	.
QRD	Where are you bound for and where are you from?	I am bound for ... from ...
	.
QRE	What is your estimated time of arrival at ... (or over ...) (place)?	My estimated time of arrival at ... (or over ...) (place) is ... hours.
	.
QRF	Are you returning to ... (place)?	I am returning to ... (place).  or Return to ... (place).
	.
QRG	Will you tell me my exact frequency (or that of ...)?	Your exact frequency (or that of ...) is ... kHz (or MHz).
	.
QRH	Does my frequency vary?	Your frequency varies.
	.
QRI	How is the tone of my transmission?	The tone of your transmission is ... 1. good 2. variable 3. bad.
	.
QRJ	How many radiotelephone calls have you to book?	I have ... radiotelephone calls to book.
	.
QRK	What is the intelligibility of my signals (or those of ...)?	The intelligibility of your signals (or those of ...) is ... 1. bad 2. poor 3. fair 4. good 5. excellent.
	.
QRL	Are you busy?	I am busy (or I am busy with ...). Please do not interfere.
	.
QRM	Are you being interfered with? [AP13]  or Is my transmission being interfered with? [AP14]	I am being interfered with [AP13]  or Your transmission is being interfered with ... [AP14] (1. nil 2. slightly 3. moderately 4. severely 5. extremely).
	.
QRN	Are you troubled by static?	I am troubled by static (1. nil 2. slightly 3. moderately 4. severely 5. extremely).
	.
QRO	Shall I increase transmitter power?	Increase transmitter power.
	.
QRP	Shall I decrease transmitter power?	Decrease transmitter power.
	.
QRQ	Shall I send faster?	Send faster (... words per minute).
	.
QRR	Are you ready for automatic operation?	I am ready for automatic operation. Send at ... words per minute.
	.
QRS	Shall I send more slowly?	Send more slowly (... words per minute).
	.
QRT	Shall I stop sending?	Stop sending.
	.
QRU	Have you anything for me?	I have nothing for you.
	Adakah sesuatu untuk saya?.... (Berita)	Saya tidak ada berita untuk anda
QRV	Are you ready?	I am ready.
	Apakah anda sudah siap? (Menerima berita)	Saya siap ( Menerima berita)
QRW	Shall I inform ... that you are calling him on ... kHz (or MHz)?	Please inform ... that I am calling him on ... kHz (or MHz).
QRX	When will you call me again?	I will call you again at ... hours (on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QRY	What is my turn? (Relates to communication).	Your turn is Number ... (or according to any other indication). (Relates to communication).
QRZ	Who is calling me?	You are being called by ... (on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSA	What is the strength of my signals (or those of ...)?	The strength of your signals (or those of ...) is 1. scarcely perceptible 2. weak 3. fairly good 4. good 5. very good.
QSB	Are my signals fading?	Your signals are fading.
QSC	Are you a cargo vessel? [AP13]  or Are you a low traffic ship? [AP14]	I am a cargo vessel. [AP13]  or I am a low traffic ship. [AP14]
QSD	Is my keying defective? [AP13]  or Are my signals mutilated? [AP14]	Your keying is defective. [AP13]  or Your signals are mutilated. [AP14]
QSE*	What is the estimated drift of the survival craft?	The estimated drift of the survival craft is ... (figures and units).
QSF*	Have you effected rescue?	I have effected rescue and am proceeding to ... base (with ... persons injured requiring ambulance).
QSG	Shall I send ... telegrams at a time?	Send ... telegrams at a time.
QSH	Are you able to home on your direction-finding equipment?	I am able to home on my D/F equipment (on station ...).
QSI		I have been unable to break in on your transmission.  or Will you inform ... (call sign) that I have been unable to break in on his transmission (on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSJ	What is the charge to be collected to ... including your internal charge?	The charge to be collected to ... including my internal charge is ... francs.
QSK	Can you hear me between your signals and if so can I break in on your transmission?	I can hear you between my signals; break in on my transmission.
QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt?	I am acknowledging receipt.
QSM	Shall I repeat the last telegram which I sent you (or some previous telegram)?	Repeat the last telegram which you sent me (or telegram(s) number(s) ...).
QSN	Did you hear me (or ... (call sign)) on ... kHz (or MHz)?	I did hear you (or ... (call sign)) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QSO	Can you communicate with ... direct (or by relay)?	I can communicate with ... direct (or by relay through ...).
QSP	Will you relay to ... free of charge?	I will relay to ... free of charge.
QSQ	Have you a doctor on board (or is ... (name of person) on board)?	I have a doctor on board (or ... (name of person) is on board).
QSR	Shall I repeat the call on the calling frequency?	Repeat your call on the calling frequency; did not hear you (or have interference).
QSS	What working frequency will you use?	I will use the working frequency ... kHz (or MHz) (in the HF bands normally only the last three figures of the frequency need be given).
QSU	Shall I send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)) (with emissions of class ...)?	Send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)) (with emissions of class ...).
QSV	Shall I send a series of Vs on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))?	Send a series of Vs on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSW	Will you send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)) (with emissions of class ...)?	I am going to send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)) (with emissions of class ...).
QSX	Will you listen to ... (call sign(s)) on ... kHz (or MHz)? [AP13]  or Will you listen to ... (call sign(s)) on ... kHz (or MHz), or in the bands ... / channels ... ? [AP14]	I am listening to ... (call sign(s)) on ... kHz (or MHz). [AP13]  or I am listening to ... (call sign(s)) on ... kHz (or MHz), or in the bands ... / channels ... [AP14]
QSY	Shall I change to transmission on another frequency?	Change to transmission on another frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSZ	Shall I send each word or group more than once?	Send each word or group twice (or ... times).
QTA	Shall I cancel telegram (or message) number ... ?	Cancel telegram (or message) number ...
QTB	Do you agree with my counting of words?	I do not agree with your counting of words; I will repeat the first letter or digit of each word or group.
QTC	How many telegrams have you to send?	I have ... telegrams for you (or for ...).
QTD*	What has the rescue vessel or rescue aircraft recovered?	... (identification) has recovered ... 1. ... (number) survivors 2. wreckage 3. ... (number) bodies.
QTE	What is my TRUE bearing from you?  or What is my TRUE bearing from ... (call sign)?  or What is the TRUE bearing of ... (call sign) from ... (call sign)?	Your TRUE bearing from me is ... degrees at ... hours.  or Your TRUE bearing from ... (call sign) was ... degrees at ... hours.  or The TRUE bearing of ... (call sign) from ... (call sign) was ... degrees at ... hours.
QTF	Will you give me the position of my station according to the bearings taken by the direction-finding stations which you control?	The position of your station according to the bearings taken by the D/F stations which I control was ... latitude, ... longitude (or other indication of position), class ... at ... hours.
QTG	Will you send two dashes of ten seconds each followed by your call sign (repeated ... times) (on ... kHz (orMHz))?  or Will you request ... to send two dashes of ten seconds followed by his call sign (repeated ... times) on ... kHz (or MHz)?	I am going to send two dashes of ten seconds each followed by my call sign (repeated ... times) (on ... kHz (or MHz)).  or I have requested ... to send two dashes of ten seconds followed by his call sign (repeated ... times) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QTH	What is your position in latitude and longitude (or according to any other indication)?	My position is ... latitude, ... longitude (or according to any other indication).
QTI	What is your TRUE track? [AP13]	My TRUE track is ... degrees. [AP13]
QTI*	What is your TRUE course? [AP14]	My TRUE course is ... degrees. [AP14]
QTJ*	What is your speed?  (Requests the speed of a ship or aircraft through the water or air respectively).	My speed is ... knots (or ... kilometres per hour or ... statute miles per hour).  (Indicates the speed of a ship or aircraft through the water or air respectively).
QTK*	What is the speed of your aircraft in relation to the surface of the Earth?	The speed of my aircraft in relation to the surface of the Earth is ... knots (or ... kilometres per hour or ... statute miles per hour).
QTL*	What is your TRUE heading?	My TRUE heading is ... degrees.
QTM*	What is your MAGNETIC heading?	My MAGNETIC heading is ... degrees.
QTN	At what time did you depart from ... (place)?	I departed from ... (place) at ... hours.
QTO	Have you left dock (or port)?  or Are you airborne?	I have left dock (or port).  or I am airborne.
QTP	Are you going to enter dock (or port)?  or Are you going to alight (or land)?	I am going to enter dock (or port).  or I am going to alight (or land).
QTQ	Can you communicate with my station by means of the International Code of Signals (INTERCO)?	I am going to communicate with your station by means of the International Code of Signals (INTERCO).
QTR	What is the correct time?	The correct time is ... hours.
QTS	Will you send your call sign for tuning purposes or so that your frequency can be measured now (or at ... hours) on ... kHz (or MHz)? [AP13]  or Will you send your call sign (and/or name) for ... seconds? [AP14]	I will send my call sign for tuning purposes or so that my frequency may be measured now (or at ... hours) on ... kHz (or MHz). [AP13]  or I will send my call sign (and/or name) for ... seconds. [AP14]
QTT		The identification signal which follows is superimposed on another transmission.
QTU	What are the hours during which your station is open?	My station is open from ... to ... hours.
QTV	Shall I stand guard for you on the frequency of ... kHz (or MHz) (from ... to ... hours)?	Stand guard for me on the frequency of ... kHz (or MHz) (from ... to ... hours).
QTW*	What is the condition of survivors?	Survivors are in ... condition and urgently need ...
QTX	Will you keep your station open for further communication with me until further notice (or until ... hours)?	I will keep my station open for further communication with you until further notice (or until ... hours).
QTY*	Are you proceeding to the position of incident and if so when do you expect to arrive?	I am proceeding to the position of incident and expect to arrive at ... hours (on ... (date)).
QTZ*	Are you continuing the search?	I am continuing the search for ... (aircraft, ship, survival craft, survivors or wreckage).
QUA	Have you news of ... (call sign)?	Here is news of ... (call sign).
QUB*	Can you give me in the following order information concerning: the direction in degrees TRUE and speed of the surface wind; visibility; present weather; and amount, type and height of base of cloud above surface elevation at ... (place of observation)?	Here is the information requested: ... (The units used for speed and distances should be indicated.)
QUC	What is the number (or other indication) of the last message you received from me (or from ... (call sign))?	The number (or other indication) of the last message I received from you (or from ... (call sign)) is ...
QUD	Have you received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?	I have received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station) at ... hours.
QUE	Can you use telephony in ... (language), with interpreter if necessary; if so, on what frequencies? [AP13]  or Can you speak in ... (language), - with interpreter if necessary; if so, on what frequencies? [AP14]	I can use telephony in ... (language) on ... kHz (or MHz). [AP13]  or I can speak in ... (language) on ... kHz (or MHz). [AP14]
QUF	Have you received the distress signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?	I have received the distress signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station) at ... hours.
QUG	Will you be forced to alight (or land)? [AP13]	I am forced to alight (or land) immediately.  or I shall be forced to alight (or land) at ... (position or place) at ... hours. [AP13]
QUH*	Will you give me the present barometric pressure at sea level?	The present barometric pressure at sea level is ... (units).
QUI	Are your navigation lights working? [AP13]	My navigation lights are working. [AP13]
QUJ	Will you indicate the TRUE track to reach you (or ...)? [AP13]	The TRUE track to reach me (or ...) is ... degrees at ... hours. [AP13]
QUK	Can you tell me the condition of the sea observed at ... (place or coordinates)? [AP13]	The sea at ... (place or coordinates) is ... [AP13]
QUL	Can you tell me the swell observed at ... (place or coordinates)? [AP13]	The swell at ... (place or coordinates) is ... [AP13]
QUM	May I resume normal working?	Normal working may be resumed.
QUN	1. When directed to all stations: [AP13,14] Will vessels in my immediate vicinity ...  or (in the vicinity of ... latitude, ... longitude)  or (in the vicinity of ...) please indicate their position, TRUE course and speed?  or 2. When directed to a single station: [AP14] please indicate their position, TRUE course and speed?	My position, TRUE course and speed are ...
QUO*	Shall I search for ... 1. aircraft 2. ship 3. survival craft in the vicinity of ... latitude, ... longitude (or according to any other indication)?	Please search for ... 1. aircraft 2. ship 3. survival craft in the vicinity of ... latitude, ... longitude (or according to any other indication).
QUP	Will you indicate your position by 1. searchlight 2. black smoke trail 3. pyrotechnic lights?	My position is indicated by 1. searchlight 2. black smoke trail 3. pyrotechnic lights.
QUQ	Shall I train my searchlight nearly vertical on a cloud, occulting if possible and, if your aircraft is seen, deflect the beam up wind and on the water (or land) to facilitate your landing?	Please train your searchlight on a cloud, occulting if possible and, if my aircraft is seen or heard, deflect the beam up wind and on the water (or land) to facilitate my landing. [AP13]
QUR*	Have survivors ... 1. received survival equipment 2. been picked up by rescue vessel 3. been reached by ground rescue party?	Survivors ... 1. are in possession of survival equipment dropped by ... 2. have been picked up by rescue vessel 3. have been reached by ground rescue party.
QUS*	Have you sighted survivors or wreckage? If so, in what position?	Have sighted ... 1. survivors in water 2. survivors on rafts 3. wreckage in position ... latitude, ... longitude (or according to any other indication).
QUT*	Is position of incident marked?	Position of incident is marked by ... 1. flame or smoke float 2. sea marker 3. sea marker dye 4. ... (specify other marking).
QUU*	Shall I home ship or aircraft to my position?	Home ship or aircraft ... (call sign) ... 1. to your position by transmitting your call sign and long dashes on ... kHz (or MHz) 2. by transmitting on ... kHz (or MHz) TRUE track to reach you.
QUW*	Are you in the search area designated as ... (designator or latitude and longitude)?	I am in the ... (designation) search area.
QUX	Do you have any navigational warnings or gale warnings in force? [AP14]	I have the following navigational warning(s) or gale warning(s) in force: ... [AP14]
QUY*	Is position of survival craft marked?	Position of survival craft was marked at ... hours by ... 1. flame or smoke float 2. sea marker 3. sea marker dye 4. ... (specify other marking).
QUZ	May I resume restricted working? [AP14]	Distress phase still in force; restricted working may be resumed. [AP14]

ICAO PANS-ABC Doc8400 :
The ICAO Q Code

Editor's note: The following codes have been found in an older editions of Doc8400 up to Doc8400-4 (4th edition 1989).
The Q-codes have been deleted and are no longer part of revised editions since Doc8400-5 (5th edition 1999), so it is historical stuff now.
1. The meanings of the Aeronautical Code signals were assigned by ICAO.
Since, in general, only stations of the Aeronautical Service will have available copies of the Aeronautical Code it should not be used in communications with stations of other services unless it is known that the station concerned is familiar with the code.
2. Q signals may be amplified or completed by the addition of appropriate location indicators, approved abbreviations, signals, call signs, figures or numbers.
2.1. The information necessary to complete a signification, as indicated by a blank space, shall be given except when:
(a) The blank spaces are enclosed within parentheses to indicate that their completion is optional.
(b) an alternative meaning shown in parentheses is selected and the blank space in this alternative meaning is completed.
2.2. The information used to complete the blank spaces shall be sent immediately after the Q signal in the sequence shown in the signification.
2.3. Expressions or words in parentheses which do not include blank spaces have the following significance:
(a) when following a blank space, the explanation of the information to be used in filling in the preceding blank.
(b) when following a word or expression, an alternative to the word or expression.
2.4. Q signals shall be read as a question when followed by a note of interrogation signal (IMI). When a signal is used as a question and is followed by additional or complementary information, the note of interrogation signal shall follow this information.
2.5. Q signals that are capable of being given an affirmative or negative sense shall be read in the appropriate sense when immediately followed by the signal YES in the case of the affirmative or the signal NO in the case of the negative.
2.6. Q signals used in the aeronautical service that are capable of being given the sense of an order shall be read in this sense when immediately followed by the signal ORD.
2.7. Q signals with numbered alternative significations shall be followed by the appropriate figure to indicate the exact meaning intended. This figure shall be sent immediately following the Q signal.
2.8. All times shall be given in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) unless otherwise indicated in the question or reply.
Aeronautical Code signals

	Question ?	Answer or Advice
QAB	May I have clearance (for ...) from ... (place) to ... (place) at flight level/altitude ... ?	You are cleared (or ... is cleared) by ... from ... (place) to ... (place) at flight level/altitude ...
QAF	Will you advise me when you are (were) at (over) ... (place)?	I am (was) at (over) ... (place) (at ... hours) at flight level/altitude ...
QAG		Arrange your flight in order to arrive over ... (place) at ... hours.  or I am arranging my flight in order to arrive over ... (place) at ... hours.
QAH	What is your height above ... (datum)?	I am at .... flight level/altitude ... or Arrange your flight so as to reach flight level/altitude ... at ... (hours or place).
QAI	What is the essential traffic respecting my aircraft?	The essential traffic respecting your aircraft is ...
QAK	Is there any risk of collision?	There is risk of collision.
QAL	Are you going to land at ... (place)?  or Has aircraft ... landed at ... (place)?	I am going to land at ... (place).  or (You may) land at ... (place).  or Aircraft ... landed at ... (place).
QAM	What is the latest available meteorological observation for ... (place)?	Meteorological observation made at ... (place) at ... hours was as follows ... Note.- The information may be given in Q Code form or the METAR form.
QAN	What is the surface wind direction and speed at ... (place)?	The surface wind direction and speed at ... (place) at ... hours is ... (direction) ... (speed).
QAO	What is the wind direction in degrees TRUE and speed at ... (position or zone/s) at each of the ... (figures) ... (units) levels above ... (datum)?	The wind direction and speed at (position or zone/s) at flight level/altitude ... is: ... (vertical distance) ... degrees TRUE ... (speed).
QAP	Shall I listen for you (or for ...) on ... kHz (... MHz)?	Listen for me (or for ...) on ... kHz (... MHz).
QAQ	Am I near a prohibited, restricted or danger area? or Am I near area ... (identification of area)?	You are ... 1) near 2) flying within area ... (identification of area).
QAR	May I stop listening on the watch frequency for ... minutes?	You may stop listening on the watch frequency for ... minutes.
QAU	Where may I jettison fuel?	I am about to jettison fuel. or Jettison fuel in ... (area).
QAW		I am about to carry out overshoot procedure.
QAY	Will you advise me when you pass (passed) ... (place) bearing 090 (270) degrees relative to your heading?	I passed ... (place) bearing ... degrees relative to my heading at ... hours.
QAZ	Are you experiencing communication difficulties through flying in a storm?	I am experiencing communication difficulties through flying in a storm.
QBA	What is the horizontal visibility at ... (place)?	The horizontal visibility at ... (place) at ... hours is ... (distance figures and units).
QBB	What is the amount, type and height above official aerodrome elevation of the base of the cloud [at ... (place)]?	The amount, type and height above official aerodrome elevation of the base of the cloud at ... (place) at ... hours is: ... eights (... type) at ... (figures and units) height above official aerodrome elevation.
QBC	Report meteorological conditions as observed from your aircraft [at ... (position or zone)] [(at ... hours)].	The meteorological conditions as observed from my aircraft at ... (position or zone) at ... hours at ... (figures and units) height above ... (datum) are ... Note.-The answer is required in the format of an AIREP message.
QBD	How much fuel have you remaining (expressed as hours and/or minutes of consumption)?	My fuel endurance is ... (hours and/or minutes).
QBE		I am about to wind in my aerial.
QBF	Are you flying in cloud?	I am flying in cloud at ... flight level/altitude ... [and I am ascending (descending) to flight level/altitude ...].
QBG	Are you flying above cloud?	I am flying above cloud and at flight level/altitude ... or Maintain a vertical distance of ... (figures and units) above clouds, smoke, haze or fog levels.
QBH	Are you flying below cloud?	I am flying below cloud and at flight level/altitude ... or Maintain a vertical distance of ... (figures and units) below cloud.
QBI	Is flight under IFR compulsory at ... (place) [or from ... to ... (place)]?	Flight under IFR is compulsory at ... (place) [or from ... to ... (place)].
QBJ	What is the amount, type and height above ... (datum) of the top of the cloud [at ... (position or zone)]?	At ... hours at ... (position or zone) the top of the cloud is: amount ... eights (... type) at ... (figures and units) height above ... (datum).
QBK	Are you flying with no cloud in your vicinity?	I am flying with no cloud in my vicinity and at flight level/altitude ...
QBM	Has ... sent any messages for me?	Here is the message sent by ... at ... hours.
QBN	Are you flying between two layers of cloud?	I am flying between two layers of cloud and at flight level/altitude ...
QBO	What is the nearest aerodrome at which flight under VFR is permissible and which would be suitable for my landing?	Flying under VFR is permissible at ... (place) which would be suitable for your landing.
QBP	Are you flying in and out of cloud?	I am flying in and out of cloud and at flight level/altitude ...
QBS		Ascend (or descend) to ... (figures and units) height above ... (datum) before encountering instrument meteorological conditions or if visibility falls below ... (distance figures and units) and advise.
QBT	What is the runway visual range at ... (place)?	The runway visual range at ... (place) at ... hours is ... (distance figures and units).
QBV	Have you reached flight level/altitude ... [or ... (area or place)]?	I have reached ... flight level/altitude ... [or ... (area or place)]. or Report reaching flight level/altitude ... [or ... (area or place)].
QBX	Have you left ... flight level/altitude ... [or ... (area or place)]?	I have left ... flight level/altitude ... [or ... (area or place)]. or Report leaving flight level/altitude ... [or ... (area or place)].
QBZ	Report your flying conditions in relation to clouds.	The reply to QBZ ? is given by the appropriate answer form of signals QBF, QBG, QBH, QBK, QBN andQBP.
QCA	May I change my flight level/altitude from ... to ... ?	You may change your flight level/altitude from ... to ... or I am changing my flight level/altitude from ... to ...
QCB		Delay is being caused by ... 1) your transmitting out of turn. 2) your slowness in answering. 3) lack of your reply to my ...
QCE	When may I expect approach clearance?	Expect approach clearance at ... hours. or No delay expected.
QCF		Delay indefinite. Expect approach clearance not later than ... hours.
QCH	May I taxi to ... (place)?	Cleared to taxi to ... (place).
QCI		Make a 360-degree turn immediately (turning to the ...). or I am making a 360-degree turn immediately (turning to the ...).
QCS		My reception on ... frequency has broken down.
QCX	What is your full call sign?	My full call sign is ...  or Use your full call sign until further notice.
QCY		I am working on a trailing aerial. or Work on a trailing aerial.
QDB	Have you sent message ... to ... ?	I have sent message ... to ...
QDF	What is your D-Value at ... (position)?  or What is the D-Value at ... (place or position) (at ... hours) for the ... millibar level?	My D-Value at ... (position) at ... (figures and units) height above the 1013.2 millibars datum is ... (D-Value figures and units) ... (specify plus or minus). or The D-Value at ... (place or position) at ... hours for the ... millibar level is (D-Value figures and units) ... (specify plus or minus). Note.- When the true altitude (radio altitude) is greater than the pressure altitude PS (Plus) is used and when is is less MS (Minus) is used.
QDL	Do you intend to ask me for a series of bearings?	I intend to ask you for a series of bearings.
QDM	Will you indicate the MAGNETIC heading for me to steer towards you (or ...) with no wind?	The MAGNETIC heading for you to steer to reach me (or ...) with no wind was ... degrees (at ... hours).
QDP	Will you accept control (or responsibility) of (for) ... now (or at ... hours)?	I will accept control (or responsibility) of (for) ... now (or at ... hours).
QDR	What is my MAGNETIC bearing from you (or from ...)?	Your MAGNETIC bearing from me (or from ...) was ... degrees (at ... hours).
QDT	Are you flying in visual meteorological condition?	I am flying in visual meteorological condition. or You are cleared subject to maintaining own separation and visual meteorological conditions.
QDU		Cancelling my IFR flight. or IFR flight cancelled at ... (time).
QDV	Are you flying in a flight visibility of less than ... (figures and units)?	I am flying in a flight visibility of less than ... (figures and units) at flight level/altitude ...
QEA	May I cross the runway ahead of me?	You may cross the runway ahead of you.
QEB	May I turn at the intersection?	Taxi as follows at the intersection ... (straight ahead DRT turn left LEFT turn right RITE).
QEC	May I make a 180-degree turn and return down the runway?	You may make a 180-degree turn and return down the runway.
QED	Shall I follow the pilot vehicle?	Follow the pilot vehicle.
QEF	Have I reached my parking area?  or Have you reached your parking area?	You have reached your parking area. or I have reached my parking area.
QEG	May I leave the parking area?  or Have you left the parking area?	You may leave the parking area. or I have left the parking area.
QEH	May I move to the holding position for runway number ... ?  or Have you moved to the holding position for runway number ... ?	Cleared to the holding position for runway number ...  or I have moved to the holding position for runway number ...
QEJ	May I assume position for take-off?  or Have you assumed position for take-off?	Cleared to hold at take-off position for runway number ...  or I am assuming take-off position for runway number ... and am holding.
QEK	Are you ready for immediate take-off?	I am ready for immediate take-off.
QEL	May I take-off (and make a ... hand turn after take-off)?	You are cleared to take-off (turn as follows after take-off ...).
QEM	What is the condition of the landing surface at ... (place)?	The condition of the landing surface at ... (place) is ...  Note.- The information is given by sending appropriate NOTAM Code groups.
QEN	Shall I hold my position?	Hold your position
QEO	Shall I clear the runway (or landing area)?  or Have you cleared the runway (or landing area)?	Clear the runway (or landing area). or I have cleared the runway (or landing area).
QES	Is a right-hand circuit in force at ... (place)?	A right-hand circuit is in force at ... (place).
QFA	What is the meteorological forecast for ... (flight, route, section of route or zone) for the period ... hours until ... hours?	The meteorological forecast for ... (flight, route, section of route or zone) for the period ... hours until ... hours is ...
QFB		The ... 1) approach 2) runway 3) approach and runway lights are out of order.
QFC	What is the amount, the type and the height above ... (datum) of the base of the cloud at ... (place, position or zone)?	At ... (place, position or zone) the base of the cloud is ... eighths ... type at ... (figures and units) height above ... (datum).
QFD	1) Is the ... visual beacon [at ... (place)] in operation? 2) Will you switch on the ... visual beacon [at ... (place)]? 3) Will you extinguish the aerodrome visual beacon [at ... (place)] until I have landed?	1) The ... visual beacon [at ... (place)] is in operation 2) I will extinguish the aerodrome visual beacon [at ... (place)] until your landing is completed.
QFE	What should I set on the subscale of my altimeter so that the instrument would indicate its height above the reference elevation being used?	If you set the subscale of your altimeter to read ... millibars, the instrument would indicate its height above aerodrome elevation (above threshold, runway number ...).
QFF	[At ... (place)] what is the present atmospheric pressure converted to mean sea level in accordance with meteorological practice?	At ... (place) the atmospheric pressure converted to mean sea level in accordance with meteorological practice is (or was determined at ... hours to be) ... millibars.
QFG	Am I overhead?	You are overhead.
QFH	May I descend below the clouds?	You may descend below the clouds.
QFI	Are the aerodrome lights lit?	The aerodrome lights are lit.  or Please light the aerodrome lights.
QFL	Will you send up pyrotechnical lights?	I will send up pyrotechnical lights.
QFM	What flight level/altitude ...  1) should I maintain? 2) are you maintaining? 3) do you intend cruising at?	... 1) Maintain (or fly at) flight level/altitude ... 2) I am maintaining flight level/altitude ...  3) I intend cruising at flight level/altitude ...
QFO	May I land immediately?	You may land immediately.
QFP	Will you give me the latest information concerning ... facility [at ... (place)]?	The latest information concerning ... facility [at ... (place)] is as follows ...  Note.- The information is given by sending appropriate NOTAM Code groups.
QFQ	Are the approach and runway lights lit?	The approach and runway lights are lit.  or Please light the approach and runway lights.
QFR	Does my landing gear appear damaged?	Your landing gear appears damaged.
QFS	Is the radio facility at ... (place) in operation?	The radio facility at ... (place) is in operation (or will be in operation in ... hours). or Please have the ... radio facility at ... (place) put in operation.
QFT	Between what heights above ... (datum) has ice formation been observed [at ... (position or zone)]?	Ice formation has been observed at ... (position or zone) in the type of ... and with an accretion rate of ... between ... (figures and units) and ... (figures and units) heights above ... (datum).
QFU	What is the magnetic direction (or number) of the runway to be used?	The magnetic direction (or number) of the runway to be used is ... Note.- The runway number is indicated by a two-figure group and the magnetic direction by a three-figure group.
QFV	Are the floodlights switched on?	The floodlights are switched on. or Please switch on the floodlights.
QFW	What is the length of the runway in use in ... (units)?	The length of runway ... now in use is ... (figures and units).
QFX		I am working (or am going to work) on a fixed aerial. or Work on a fixed aerial.
QFY	Please report the present meteorological landing conditions [at ... (place)].	The present meteorological landing conditions at ... (place) are ... Note.- When given in Q Code the information is sent in the following sequence: QAN, QBA, QNY, QBB, QNH and/or QFE and, if necessary, QMU, QNT, QBJ.
QFZ	What is the aerodrome meteorological forecast for ... (place) for the period ... hours until ... hours?	The aerodrome meteorological forecast for ... (place) for the period ... hours until ... hours is ... Note.- When given in Q Code the following sequence of Q signal answer (or advice) forms is to be used: QAN, QBA, QNY, QBB and, if necessary, QMU, QNT and QBJ.
QGC		There are obstructions to the ... of ... runway ...
QGD	Are there on my track any obstructions whose elevation equals or exceeds my altitude?	There are obstructions on your track ... (figures and units) height above ... (datum).
QGE	What is my distance to your station (or to ...)?	Your distance to my station (or to ...) is ... (distance figures and units).
QGH	May I land using ... (procedure or facility)?	You may land using ... (procedure or facility).
QGK	What track should I make good?  or What track are you making good?	Make good a track from ... (place) on ... degrees ... (true or magnetic).  or I am making good a track from ... (place) on ... degrees ... (true or magnetic).
QGL	May I enter the ... (control area or zone) at ... (place)?	You may enter the ... (control area or zone) at ... (place).
QGM		Leave the ... (control area or zone).
QGN	May I be cleared to land [at ... (place)]?	You are cleared to land [at ... (place)].
QGO		Landing is prohibited at ... (place).
QGP	What is my number for landing?	You are number ... to land.
QGQ	May I hold at ... (place)?	Hold at ... (place) at flight level/altitude ... (datum) and await further clearance.
QGT		Fly for ... minutes on a heading what will enable you to maintain a track reciprocal to your present one.
QGU		Fly for ... minutes on a magnetic heading of ... degrees.
QGV	Do you see me? or Can you see the aerodrome?  or Can you see ... (aircraft)?	I see you at ... (cardinal or quadrantal point of direction).  or I can see the aerodrome. or I can see ... (aircraft).
QGW	Does my landing gear appear to be down and in place?	Your landing gear appears to be down and in place.
QGZ		Hold on ... direction of ... facility.
QHE	Will you inform me when you are on ... leg of approach?	I am on ... 1) cross-wind leg 2) down-wind leg 3) base leg 4) final leg ... of approach.
QHG	May I enter traffic circuit at flight level/altitude ...?	Cleared to enter traffic circuit at flight level/altitude ...
QHH	Are you making an emergency landing?	I am making an emergency landing.  or Emergency landing being made at ... (place). All aircraft below flight level/altitude ... and within a distance of ... (figures and units) leave ... (place or headings).
QHI	Are you (or is ...) ... 1) waterborne? 2) on land?	I am (or ... is) ... 1) waterborne 2) on land at ... hours.
QHQ	May I make a ... approach [at ... (place)]?  or Are you making a ... approach?	You may make a ... approach [at ... (place)].  or I am making a ... approach.
QHZ	Shall I circle the aerodrome (or go around)?	Circle the aerodrome (or go around).
QIC	May I establish communication with ... radio station on ... kHz (or ... MHz.) now (or at ... hours)?	Establish communication with ... radio station on ... kHz. (or MHz.) now (or at ...hours). or I will establish communication with ... radio station on ... kHz (or ... MHz) now (or at ... hours).
QIF	What frequency is ... using?	... is using ... kHz (or ... MHz.).
QJA	Is my ... 1) tape 2) mark and space reversed?	Your ... 1) tape 2) mark and space is reversed.
QJB	Will you use ... 1) radio? 2) cable? 3) telegraph? 4) teletypewriter? 5) telephone? 6) receiver? 7) transmitter? 8) reperforator?	I will use ... 1) radio. 2) cable. 3) telegraph. 4) teletypewriter. 5) telephone. 6) receiver. 7) transmitter. 8) reperforator.
QJC	Will you check your ... 1) transmitter distributor? 2) auto-head? 3) perforator? 4) reperforator? 5) printer? 6) printer motor? 7) keyboard? 8) antenna system?	I will check my ... 1) transmitter distributor. 2) auto-head. 3) perforator. 4) reperforator. 5) printer. 6) printer motor. 7) keyboard. 8) antenna system.
QJD	Am I transmitting ... 1) in letters? 2) in figures?	You are transmitting ... 1) in letters 2) in figures.
QJE	Is my frequency shift ... 1) too wide? 2) too narrow? 3) correct?	Your frequency shift is ... 1) too wide. 2) too narrow (by ... cycles). 3) correct.
QJF		My signal as checked by monitor ... is satisfactory ... 1) locally. 2) as radiated.
QJG	Shall I revert to automatic relay?	Revert to automatic relay.
QJH	Shall I run ... 1) my test tape? 2) a test sentence?	Run ... 1) your test tape. 2) a test sentence.
QJI	Will you transmit a continuous ... 1) mark? 2) space?	I am transmitting a continuous... 1) mark. 2) space.
QJK	Are you receiving ... 1) a continuous mark? 2) a continuous space? 3) a mark bias? 4) a space bias?	I am receiving ... 1) a continuous mark. 2) a continuous space. 3) a mark bias. 4) a space bias.
QKC		The sea conditions (at ... position) ... 1) permit alighting but not take-off. 2) render alighting extremely hazardous.
QKF	May I be relieved (at ... hours)?	You may expect to be relieved at ... hours [by ...  1) aircraft ... (identification) (type ...) 2) vessel whose call sign is ... (call sign) {and/or whose name is ... (name)}].
QKG	Will relief take place when ... (identification) establishes ... 1) visual, 2) communications, contact with survivors?	Relief will take place when ... (identification) establishes ... 1) visual, 2) communications, contact with survivors.
QKH	Report details of the parallel sweep (track) search being (or to be) conducted? or In the parallel sweep (track) search being (or to be) conducted, what is (are) ...  1) the direction of sweeps, 2) the separation between sweeps, 3) the flight level/altitude ... employed in the search pattern?	The parallel sweep (track) search is being (or to be) conducted ... 1) with direction of sweeps ... degrees ... (true or magnetic). 2) with ... (distance figures and units) separation between sweeps. 3) at flight level/altitude ...
QKN		Aircraft plotted (believed to be you) in position ... on track ... degrees at ... hours.
QKO	What other units are (or will be) taking part in the operation [... (identification of operation)]?	In the operation [... (identification)], the following units are (or will be) taking part ... (name of units). or ... (name) unit is taking part in operation [... (identification] (with effect from ... hours).
QKP	Which pattern of search is being followed?	The search pattern is ... 1) parallel sweep. 2) square search. 3) creeping line ahead. 4) track crawl. 5) contour search. 6) combined search by aircraft and ship. 7) ... (specify).
QLB	Will you monitor ... station and report regarding range, quality, etc.?	I have monitored ... station and report (briefly) as follows ...
QLH	Will you use simultaneous keying on ... frequency and ... frequency?	I will now key simultaneously on ... frequency and ... frequency.
QLV	Is the ... radio facility still required?	The ... radio facility is still required.
QMH		Shift to transmit and receive on ... kHz (or ... MHz.); if communication is not established within 5 minutes, revert to present frequency.
QMI	Report the vertical distribution of cloud [at ... (position or zone)] as observed from your aircraft.	The vertical distribution of cloud as observed from my aircraft at ... hours at ... (position or zone) is : lowest layer observed* ... eights (... type) with base of ... (figures and units) and tops of ... (figures and units) [*and similarly in sequence for each of the layers observed.] height above ... (datum).
QMU	What is the surface temperature at ... (place) and what is the dew point temperature at that place?	The surface temperature at ... (place) at ... hours is ... degrees and the dew point temperature at that time and place is ... degrees.
QMW	At ... (position or zone) what is (are) the flight level(s)/altitude(s) ... of the zero Celsius isotherm(s)?	At ... (position or zone) the zero Celsius isotherm(s) is (are) at flight level(s)/altitude(s) ...
QMX	What is the air temperature [at ... (position or zone)] (at ... hours) at flight level/altitude ...?	At ... (position or zone) at ... hours the air temperature is ... (degrees and units) at flight level/altitude ...  Note.- Aircraft reporting QMX information will transmit the temperature figures as corrected for airspeed.
QMZ	Have you any amendments to the flight forecast in respect of section of route yet to be traversed?	The following amendment(s) should be made to the flight forecast ...  [If no amendments, signal QMZ NIL]
QNE	What indication will my altimeter give on landing at ... (place) at ... hours, my sub-scale being set to 1013.2 millibars (29.92 inches)?	On landing at ... (place) at ... hours, with your sub-scale being set to 1013.2 millibars (29.92 inches), your altimeter will indicate ... (figures and units).
QNH	What should I set on the subscale of my altimeter so that the instrument would indicate its elevation if my aircraft were on the ground at your station?	If you set the subscale of your altimeter to read ... millibars, the instrument would indicate its elevation if your aircraft were on the ground at my station at ... hours. Note.- When the setting is given in hundredths of inch the abbreviation INS is used to identify the units.
QNI	Between what heights above ... (datum) has turbulence been observed at ... (position or zone)?	Turblence has been observed at ... (position or zone) with an intensity of ... between ... (figures and units) and ... (figures and units) heights above ... (datum).
QNO		I am not equipped to give the information (or provide the facility) requested.
QNR		I am approaching my point of no return.
QNT	What is the maximum speed of the surface wind at ... (place)?	The maximum speed of the surface wind at ... (place) at ... hours is ... (speed figures and units).
QNY	What is the present weather and the intensity thereof at ... (place, position or zone)?	The present weather and intensity thereof at ... (place, position or zone) at ... hours is ... Notes: a) When present weather information is transmitted by a ground station, the abbreviations shall be selected from those specified in Annex 3, paragraph 4.8.2. b) When present weather information is transmitted by an aircraft, the information shall be selected from items 10 to 12 of the AIREP form.

 

Other usage

Russian military usage

	Question ?	Answer or Advice
QDW		[Go to ? Change to ? I listen on ?] frequency ... (kHz).
QRR		Working ... ... 3. simplex CW (encrypted Morse)
QWH		I am going to send on frequency ... (kHz).
QYR		Working ... 2. RTTY 81-81 (81baud system)  ...  4. ...
QYS		Working ... ... 8. radiotelephone (duplex, USB)
QYT		Working ... ... 1. BEE 36/50  ...  4. MS-5 MUX 4800 USB (T-219) ...  6. MUX (T-230)

This is incomplete and inofficial information. Please, let me know if you may have some more to add here ...

German police usage

Most of the following codes are listed in PDV-DV 810.
Q-Gruppe mit Fragezeichen (?) bedeutet eine Frage.

	Question ?	Answer or Advice
QVA		Kryptolochstreifen-Einlegemarke Anfang
QVB		Teilnehmer ist besetzt
QVC		Verschlüsselung mit ELCROTEL
QVE		Schalten Sie auf Empfangslocher
QVF		Leitung ist frei
QVK		Schalten Sie auf Klarbetrieb
QVL		Laufnummernvergleich
QVM		Verschlüsselung mit Mischer
QVN		Nachfragen beim Aufgeber, ob ... stimmt
QVO		Beachten Sie die Fernbmeldebetriebsvorschrift
QVP		Geben Sie den Prüftext (Kaufenschleife) (Kaufen Sie jede Woche vier gute bequeme Pelze xy 1234567890)
QVR		Kryptolochstreifen-Rollennummer ...
QVT		Tages-Kryptodatenträger ELCROTEL ... (Tagesangabe 2-stellig)
QVU		Unklarer Empfang
QVV		Verbinden Sie mit ...
QVW		Geben Sie im Wechsel ryryry...
QVX		Kryptolochstreifen-Einlegemarke Ende
QVZ		Nachricht überprüfen, Endzeile wurde automatisch hinzugefügt
QWD		Aushändigungsbestätigung für ... mit Uhrzeit ...
QXD		Melden, Meldung
QXK		Gehört
QXP		Erledigt
QXQ		Unbekannt
QZA		Nachricht ist bestimmt für ...
QZB		Ich gehe auf Funkdoppelverkehr
QZC		Ich gehe auf Sprechbetrieb
QZD		Schalten Sie aus, ich übernehme Verkehr
QZE		Sendefrequenz zu hoch, gehen Sie tiefer
QZF		Sendefrequenz zu niedrig, gehen Sie höher
QZG		Es folgt die Antwort auf ...
QZH		Fortsetzung folgt
QZK		Ich habe Verbindung mit ...
QZM		Veranlassen Sie, dass ... meine Nachricht mit aufnimmt
QZP		Ich hatte Sendestörung von ... bis ...
QZR		Übermitteln Sie
QZT		Ich hatte Empfagsstörung von ... bis ...
QZU		Funkleitung
QZY		Hier nichts gehört.
QZZ		Gewitter hier, schalte Funkstelle aus

This is incomplete and only partly official, as I don't have an original copy of DV810 on hand here. Please, let me know if you may have some more to add here ....

ARRL usage

Unofficial (private) Q-codes used by ARRL (American Amateur Radio League) to be used in CW nets:

	Question ?	Answer or Advice
QNA		Answer in prearranged order
QNB		Act as relay station between ... and ...
QNC		All net stations copy. I have a message for all net stations
QND		Net is directed (controlled by net control station)
QNE		Entire net stand by
QNF		Net is free (not controlled)
QNG		Take over as net contol station
QNH		Your net frequency is high
QNI		Net stations report in,  or  I am reporting into the net
QNJ		Can you copy me
QNK		Transmit messages for ... to ...
QNL		Your net frequency is low
QNM		You are QRMing the net. Stand by
QNN		Net control station is ...  or What station has net control
QNO		Station is leaving the net
QNP		Unable to copy you or Unable to copy ...
QNQ		Move frequency to ... and wait for ... to finish handling traffic. Then send him traffic for ...
QNR		Answer ... and receive traffic
QNS		Following stations are in the net (Follow with list), when used by Net Control Station  or Request list of stations in the net, when used by other net members
QNT		I request permission to leave the net for ... minutes
QNU		The net has traffic for you. Stand by
QNV		Establish contact with ... on the frequency. If successful, move to ... and send him traffic for ...
QNW		How do I route messages for ...
QNX		You are excused from the net
QNY		Shift to another frequency, or to ... kHz, to clear traffic with ...
QNZ		Zero beat your signal with mine
QST		CQ ARRL members

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Document URL : http://www.kloth.net/radio/qcodes.php Copyright © 1998-2012 Ralf D. Kloth, Ludwigsburg, DE (QRQ.software). < hostmaster at kloth.net > [don't send spam] Created 1998-09-17. Last modified 2009-12-31. Your visit 2012-11-28 16:25.01. Page created in 4.1057 sec.             [Sen

Q codes applicable for use in amateur radio

Code	Question	Answer or Statement
QRA	What is the name (or call sign) of your station?	The name (or call sign) of my station is ...
QRG	Will you tell me my exact frequency (or that of ...)?	Your exact frequency (or that of ... ) is ... kHz (or MHz).
QRH	Does my frequency vary?	Your frequency varies.
QRI	How is the tone of my transmission?	The tone of your transmission is (1. Good; 2. Variable; 3. Bad)
QRJ	How many voice contacts do you want to make?	I want to make ... voice contacts.
QRK	What is the readability of my signals (or those of ...)?	The readability of your signals (or those of ...) is ... (1 to 5).
QRL	Are you busy?	I am busy. (or I am busy with ... ) Please do not interfere.
QRM	Do you have interference?	I have interference.
QRN	Are you troubled by static?	I am troubled by static.
QRO	Shall I increase power?	Increase power.
QRP	Shall I decrease power?	Decrease power.
QRQ	Shall I send faster?	Send faster (... wpm)
QRS	Shall I send more slowly?	Send more slowly (... wpm)
QRT	Shall I stop sending?	Stop sending.
QRU	Have you anything for me?	I have nothing for you.
QRV	Are you ready?	I am ready.
QRW	Shall I inform ... that you are calling him on ... kHz (or MHz)?	Please inform ... that I am calling him on ... kHz (or MHz).
QRX	When will you call me again?	I will call you again at ... (hours) on ... kHz (or MHz)
QRZ	Who is calling me?	You are being called by ... on ... kHz (or MHz)
QSA	What is the strength of my signals (or those of ... )?	The strength of your signals (or those of ...) is ... (1 to 5).
QSB	Are my signals fading?	Your signals are fading.
QSD	Is my keying defective?	Your keying is defective.
QSG	Shall I send ... telegrams (messages) at a time?	Send ... telegrams (messages) at a time.
QSK	Can you hear me between your signals?	I can hear you between my signals.
QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt?	I am acknowledging receipt.
QSM	Shall I repeat the last telegram (message) which I sent you, or some previous telegram (message)?	Repeat the last telegram (message) which you sent me (or telegram(s) (message(s)) numbers(s) ...).
QSN	Did you hear me (or ... (call sign)) on .. kHz (or MHz)?	I did hear you (or ... (call sign)) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QSO	Can you communicate with ... direct or by relay?	I can communicate with ... direct (or by relay through ...).
QSP	Will you relay a message to ...?	I will relay a message to ... .
QSR	Do you want me to repeat my call?	Please repeat your call; I did not hear you.
QSS	What working frequency will you use?	I will use the working frequency ... kHz (or MHz).
QST	-	Here is a broadcast message to all amateurs.
QSU	Shall I send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))?	Send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSW	Will you send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))?	I am going to send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSX	Will you listen to ... (call sign(s) on ... kHz (or MHz))?	I am listening to ... (call sign(s) on ... kHz (or MHz))
QSY	Shall I change to transmission on another frequency?	Change to transmission on another frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSZ	Shall I send each word or group more than once?	Send each word or group twice (or ... times).
QTA	Shall I cancel telegram (message) No. ... as if it had not been sent?	Cancel telegram (message) No. ... as if it had not been sent.
QTC	How many telegrams (messages) have you to send?	I have ... telegrams (messages) for you (or for ...).
QTH	What is your position in latitude and longitude (or according to any other indication)?	My position is ... latitude...longitude
QTR	What is the correct time?	The correct time is ... hours
QTU	At what times are you operating?	I am operating from ... to ... hours.
QTX	Will you keep your station open for further communication with me until further notice (or until ... hours)?	I will keep my station open for further communication with you until further notice (or until ... hours).
QUA	Have you news of ... (call sign)?	Here is news of ... (call sign).
QUC	What is the number (or other indication) of the last message you received from me (or from ... (call sign))?	The number (or other indication) of the last message I received from you (or from ... (call sign)) is ...
QUD	Have you received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?	I have received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station) at ... hours.
QUE	Can you speak in ... (language), - with interpreter if necessary; if so, on what frequencies?	I can speak in ... (language) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QUF	Have you received the distress signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?	I have received the distress signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station) at ... hours.

Some of the common usages vary somewhat from their formal, official sense. QRL? is the accepted form of the question, "Is this frequency in use (or busy)?", the reply to which is typically the letters "C" (dah di dah dit), "R" (di dah dit) or "Y" (dah di dah dah) which, in the Amateur radio tradition, are the Morse code shorthand for "Confirm", "Roger" or "Yes." There are also a few unofficial and humorous codes in use, such as QLF ("try sending with your LEFT foot") and QSC ("send cigarettes", not the official meaning of "this is a cargo vessel"). In the question form, QNB?, is supposed to mean "How many buttons does your radio have?" A reply of the form QNB 45/15 means "45, and I know what 15 of them do." QSJ is sometimes used to refer to the cost of something - "I would like an FT9000 but it is too much QSJ". (QSJ actually means "What is the charge to be collected to ... including your internal charge?").

QSK - "I can hear you during my transmission" - refers to a particular mode of Morse code operating in which the receiver is quickly enabled during the spaces between the dits and dahs, which allows another operator to interrupt transmissions. Many modern transceivers incorporate this function, sometimes referred to as full break-in as against semi-break-in in which there is a short delay before the transceiver goes to receive.

A conversation or contact via amateur radio is often referred to as a QSO, while QSL cards are collected by both radioamateurs and shortwave listeners as confirmation of having received the signal of a particular station.

Regarding the speed of the Morse code being sent, if the speed is too fast and the receiving operator cannot copy the code at said speed, that operator may send "QRS", the request to "please slow down." A courteous sender will slow down to match the speed of the slower operator.

QTHR - "at the registered address for my callsign", this is used mainly in the United Kingdom and former colonies. Since business may not be discussed on amateur radio, a ham who has personal equipment to sell might say something like "I have a spare Morse key old chap, please contact me QTHR".

Note: The ARRL codes QNA-QNZ overlap with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) codes but have different meanings.

[Aviation

Although the majority of the Q codes have slipped out of common use, several remain part of the standard ICAO radiotelephony phraseology in aviation.

Altimeter Settings

Code	Meaning	Sample use
QFE	Atmospheric pressure at sea level, corrected for temperature and adjusted to a specified datum such as airfield elevation. When set on the altimeter it reads height.	Runway in use 22 Left, QFE 990 millibars
QFF	Barometric pressure at a place, reduced to MSL using the actual temperature at the time of observation as the mean temperature.
QNE	Atmospheric pressure at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), equal to 1013.25 mbar or hPa and used as reference for measuring thepressure altitude. When Flight Levels are used as an indication of altitude, 1013.25hPa is used as mean sea level (QNH).
QNH	Atmospheric pressure at mean sea level (may be either a local, measured pressure or a regional forecast pressure (RPS)). When set on the altimeter it reads altitude.	Request Leeds QNH

Radio Navigation

Code	Meaning	Sample use
QDM	Magnetic heading to a station	(callsign) request QDM (callsign) [8]
QDL	Series of bearings taken at regular intervals
QDR	Magnetic bearing from a station	(callsign) request QDR (callsign) [8]
QFU	Magnetic bearing of the runway in use	Runway 22 in use, QFU 220[9]
QGE	Distance
QTE	True bearing from a station	True bearing, True bearing, (callsign) request QTE (callsign) [8]
QTF	Position in relation to a point of reference or in latitude and longitude
QUJ	True bearing to a station

Maritime

Q signals are no longer used in the maritime service, as Morse code is now very rarely used.

Royal Air Force: QGH signified "Controlled Descent through Clouds"

Q codes applicable for use in amateur radio

Code	Question	Answer or Statement
QRA	What is the name (or call sign) of your station?	The name (or call sign) of my station is ...
QRG	Will you tell me my exact frequency (or that of ...)?	Your exact frequency (or that of ... ) is ... kHz (or MHz).
QRH	Does my frequency vary?	Your frequency varies.
QRI	How is the tone of my transmission?	The tone of your transmission is (1. Good; 2. Variable; 3. Bad)
QRJ	How many voice contacts do you want to make?	I want to make ... voice contacts.
QRK	What is the readability of my signals (or those of ...)?	The readability of your signals (or those of ...) is ... (1 to 5).
QRL	Are you busy?	I am busy. (or I am busy with ... ) Please do not interfere.
QRM	Do you have interference?	I have interference.
QRN	Are you troubled by static?	I am troubled by static.
QRO	Shall I increase power?	Increase power.
QRP	Shall I decrease power?	Decrease power.
QRQ	Shall I send faster?	Send faster (... wpm)
QRS	Shall I send more slowly?	Send more slowly (... wpm)
QRT	Shall I stop sending?	Stop sending.
QRU	Have you anything for me?	I have nothing for you.
QRV	Are you ready?	I am ready.
QRW	Shall I inform ... that you are calling him on ... kHz (or MHz)?	Please inform ... that I am calling him on ... kHz (or MHz).
QRX	When will you call me again?	I will call you again at ... (hours) on ... kHz (or MHz)
QRZ	Who is calling me?	You are being called by ... on ... kHz (or MHz)
QSA	What is the strength of my signals (or those of ... )?	The strength of your signals (or those of ...) is ... (1 to 5).
QSB	Are my signals fading?	Your signals are fading.
QSD	Is my keying defective?	Your keying is defective.
QSG	Shall I send ... telegrams (messages) at a time?	Send ... telegrams (messages) at a time.
QSK	Can you hear me between your signals?	I can hear you between my signals.
QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt?	I am acknowledging receipt.
QSM	Shall I repeat the last telegram (message) which I sent you, or some previous telegram (message)?	Repeat the last telegram (message) which you sent me (or telegram(s) (message(s)) numbers(s) ...).
QSN	Did you hear me (or ... (call sign)) on .. kHz (or MHz)?	I did hear you (or ... (call sign)) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QSO	Can you communicate with ... direct or by relay?	I can communicate with ... direct (or by relay through ...).
QSP	Will you relay a message to ...?	I will relay a message to ... .
QSR	Do you want me to repeat my call?	Please repeat your call; I did not hear you.
QSS	What working frequency will you use?	I will use the working frequency ... kHz (or MHz).
QST	-	Here is a broadcast message to all amateurs.
QSU	Shall I send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))?	Send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSW	Will you send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))?	I am going to send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSX	Will you listen to ... (call sign(s) on ... kHz (or MHz))?	I am listening to ... (call sign(s) on ... kHz (or MHz))
QSY	Shall I change to transmission on another frequency?	Change to transmission on another frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QSZ	Shall I send each word or group more than once?	Send each word or group twice (or ... times).
QTA	Shall I cancel telegram (message) No. ... as if it had not been sent?	Cancel telegram (message) No. ... as if it had not been sent.
QTC	How many telegrams (messages) have you to send?	I have ... telegrams (messages) for you (or for ...).
QTH	What is your position in latitude and longitude (or according to any other indication)?	My position is ... latitude...longitude
QTR	What is the correct time?	The correct time is ... hours
QTU	At what times are you operating?	I am operating from ... to ... hours.
QTX	Will you keep your station open for further communication with me until further notice (or until ... hours)?	I will keep my station open for further communication with you until further notice (or until ... hours).
QUA	Have you news of ... (call sign)?	Here is news of ... (call sign).
QUC	What is the number (or other indication) of the last message you received from me (or from ... (call sign))?	The number (or other indication) of the last message I received from you (or from ... (call sign)) is ...
QUD	Have you received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?	I have received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station) at ... hours.
QUE	Can you speak in ... (language), - with interpreter if necessary; if so, on what frequencies?	I can speak in ... (language) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QUF	Have you received the distress signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?	I have received the distress signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station) at ... hours.

Some of the common usages vary somewhat from their formal, official sense. QRL? is the accepted form of the question, "Is this frequency in use (or busy)?", the reply to which is typically the letters "C" (dah di dah dit), "R" (di dah dit) or "Y" (dah di dah dah) which, in the Amateur radio tradition, are the Morse code shorthand for "Confirm", "Roger" or "Yes." There are also a few unofficial and humorous codes in use, such as QLF ("try sending with your LEFT foot") and QSC ("send cigarettes", not the official meaning of "this is a cargo vessel"). In the question form, QNB?, is supposed to mean "How many buttons does your radio have?" A reply of the form QNB 45/15 means "45, and I know what 15 of them do." QSJ is sometimes used to refer to the cost of something - "I would like an FT9000 but it is too much QSJ". (QSJ actually means "What is the charge to be collected to ... including your internal charge?").

QSK - "I can hear you during my transmission" - refers to a particular mode of Morse code operating in which the receiver is quickly enabled during the spaces between the dits and dahs, which allows another operator to interrupt transmissions. Many modern transceivers incorporate this function, sometimes referred to as full break-in as against semi-break-in in which there is a short delay before the transceiver goes to receive.

A conversation or contact via amateur radio is often referred to as a QSO, while QSL cards are collected by both radioamateurs and shortwave listeners as confirmation of having received the signal of a particular station.

Regarding the speed of the Morse code being sent, if the speed is too fast and the receiving operator cannot copy the code at said speed, that operator may send "QRS", the request to "please slow down." A courteous sender will slow down to match the speed of the slower operator.

QTHR - "at the registered address for my callsign", this is used mainly in the United Kingdom and former colonies. Since business may not be discussed on amateur radio, a ham who has personal equipment to sell might say something like "I have a spare Morse key old chap, please contact me QTHR".

Note: The ARRL codes QNA-QNZ overlap with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) codes but have different meanings.

[

Full international Q-code

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This is the complete Q-code as it was defined for maritime radio communication. Since CW communication has been abandoned for this purpose, this code is probably no longer in use. Here only the "question" part is shown, but every code can either be a question or an answer..

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QRA	What is the name of your station?
QRB	How far approximately are you from my station?
QRC	By what enterprise are the accounts for charges for your station settled?
QRD	Where are you bound for and where are you from?
QRE	What is your estimated time of arrival at ... (over ...)?
QRF	Are you returning to ... ?
QRG	Will you tell me my exact frequency (or that of ...)?
QRH	Does my frequency vary?
QRI	How is the tone of my transmission?
QRJ	How many radiotelephone calls have you to book?
QRK	What is the intelligibility of my signals (or those of ...)?
QRL	Are you busy?
QRM	Are you being interfered with?
QRN	Are you troubled by static?
QRO	Shall I increase transmitter power?
QRP	Shall I decrease transmitter power?
QRQ	Shall I send faster?
QRR	Are you ready for automatic operation?
QRS	Shall I send more slowly?
QRT	Shall I stop sending?
QRU	Have you anything for me?
QRV	Are you ready?
QRW	Shall I inform ... that you are calling him on ... kHz (or MHz)?
QRX	When will you call me again?
QRY	What is my turn?
QRZ	Who is calling me?
QSA	What is the strength of my signals (or those of ...)?
QSB	Are my signals fading?
QSC	Are you a cargo vessel?
QSD	Is my keying defective?
QSE	What is the estimated drift of the survival craft?
QSF	Have you effected rescue?
QSG	Shall I send ... telegrams at a time?
QSH	Are you able to home on your direction-finding equipment?
QSI	I have been unable to break in on your transmission.
QSJ	What is the charge to be collected to ... including your internal charge?
QSK	Can you hear me between your signals and if so can I break in on your transmission?
QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt?
QSM	Shall I repeat the last telegram which I sent you (or some previous telegram)?
QSN	Did you hear me (or ... ) on ... kHz (or MHz)?
QSO	Can you communicate with ... direct (or by relay)?
QSP	Will you relay to ... free of charge?
QSQ	Have you a doctor on board (or is ... on board)?
QSR	Shall I repeat the call on the calling frequency?
QSS	What working frequency will you use?
QSU	Shall I send or reply on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))
QSV	Shall I send a series of Vs on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))?
QSW	Will you send on this frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz))
QSX	Will you listen to ... on ... kHz (or MHz)?
QSY	Shall I change to transmission on another frequency?
QSZ	Shall I send each word or group more than once?
QTA	Shall I cancel telegram (or message) number ... ?
QTB	Do you agree with my counting of words?
QTC	How many telegrams have you to send?
QTD	What has the rescue vessel or rescue aircraft recovered?
QTE	What is my true bearing from you?
QTF	Will you give me my position according to your bearings?
QTG	Will you send two dashes of ten seconds each followed by your call sign (repeated ... times) (on ... kHz (or MHz))?
QTH	What is your position in latitude and longitude?
QTI	What is your true track?
QTI	What is your true course?
QTJ	What is your speed?
QTK	What is the speed of your aircraft in relation to the surface of the Earth?
QTL	What is your true heading?
QTM	What is your magnetic heading?
QTN	At what time did you depart from ... (place)?
QTO	Have you left dock (or port)?
QTP	Are you going to enter dock (or port)?
QTQ	Can you communicate with my station by means of the International Code of Signals?
QTR	What is the correct time?
QTS	Will you send your call sign for tuning purposes or so that your frequency can be measured now (or at ... hours) on ... kHz (or MHz)?
QTT	The identification signal which follows is superimposed on another transmission.
QTU	What are the hours during which your station is open?
QTV	Shall I stand guard for you on the frequency of ... kHz (or MHz) (from ... to ... hours)?
QTW	What is the condition of survivors?
QTX	Will you keep your station open for further communication with me until further notice (or until ... hours)?
QTY	Are you proceeding to the position of incident and if so when do you expect to arrive?
QTZ	Are you continuing the search?
QUA	Have you news of ... ?
QUB	Can you give me in the following order information concerning: the direction in degrees and speed of the surface wind, visibility, present weather, and amount, type and height of base of cloud above surface elevation at ... ?
QUC	What is the number (or other indication) of the last message you received from me (or from ...)?
QUD	Have you received the urgency signal sent by ... (call sign of mobile station)?
QUE	Can you use telephony in ... (language), with interpreter if necessary; if so, on what frequencies?
QUF	Have you received the distress signal sent by ...?
QUG	Will you be forced to alight (or land)?
QUH	Will you give me the present barometric pressure at sea level?
QUI	Are your navigation lights working?
QUJ	Will you indicate the true track to reach you (or ...)?
QUK	Can you tell me the condition of the sea observed at ...?
QUL	Can you tell me the swell observed at ...?
QUM	May I resume normal working?
QUN	Will vessels in my immediate vicinity please indicate their position, course and speed?
QUO	Shall I search for ... (aircraft, ship, survival craft)?
QUP	Will you indicate your position by searchlight, black smoke trail, pyrotechnic lights?
QUQ	Shall I train my searchlight nearly vertical on a cloud, and if your aircraft is seen, deflect the beam up wind and on the water?
QUR	Have survivors ... (1. received survival equipment, 2. been picked up by rescue vessel, 3. been reached by ground rescue) party?
QUS	Have you sighted survivors or wreckage?
QUT	Is position of incident marked?
QUU	Shall I home ship or aircraft to my position?
QUW	Are you in the search area designated as ...?
QUX	Do you have any navigational warnings or gale warnings in force?
QUY	Is position of survival craft marked?
QUZ	May I resume restricted working?